The associations between crystal structure and near‐infrared (NIR) PL properties, as well as performance‐evaluating parameters are introduced with the examples of known NIR emitting phosphors, which will be helpful to explore future NIR luminescent materials. The different types of most recently developed Cr3+‐doped luminescent materials and the design principles are systematically summarized. Herein, the recent advances on the luminescence principle and photoluminescence (PL) optimization for Cr3+‐activated luminescent materials together with their potential applications are reviewed. The fundamental importance of chromium‐activated luminescent materials in the field of optics and biomedicine makes the rapid development of novel materials and relevant applications. The observed interactions between metal ions and chlorhexidine digluconate suggest that the latter might be considered as an advantageous therapeutic agent, once they contribute to the reduction of the concentration of those ions inside the mouth.ĭevelopment of chromium‐doped luminescent materials is pertinent to many emerging applications, ranging from agriculture, food industry to noninvasive health monitoring. Significant coupled diffusion of CoCl2 (and CrCl3) and chlorhexidine digluconate is observed by analysis of the non-zero values of the cross-diffusion coefficients, D12 and D21. The ternary mutual diffusion coefficients of metal ions (Co and Cr) in the presence of chlorhexidine digluconate, in an artificial saliva media, were measured. ![]() The effect of the chlorhexidine digluconate, which is commonly used in mouthwash formulations, on the transport of these salts is evaluated in this paper by using the Taylor dispersion technique, which will allow an assessment of how the presence of chlorhexidine digluconate (either in aqueous solution or in a commercial formulation) may affect the diffusion of metal ions. The diffusion of such metal ions into the organism, carried by saliva, can cause health problems as a consequence of their toxicity, enhanced by a cumulative effect in the body. Metal ions such as cobalt (II) and chromium (III) might be present in the oral cavity, as a consequence of the corrosion of Co-Cr dental alloys. Finally, we present catalytic photoredox and energy transfer processes using photosensitizers with suitable MC ESs. We discuss these initial examples of MC ES reactivity covering chromium, manganese, iron, and cobalt complexes with the aim to gain a deeper understanding of these processes and to identify the decisive key parameters. Despite these supposed drawbacks, some classes of TMCs can successfully engage in bimolecular PET and EnT processes with MC states being the photoactive states. ![]() Consequently, MC states are considered less useful as compared to long-lived charge transfer states of higher energy with wavefunctions extending onto the ligands. As bimolecular photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and energy transfer (EnT) processes require contact to the substrate, the metal confinement of the ES wavefunction of MC states makes these processes challenging. Additionally, MC states are often strongly distorted, hence they efficiently decay non-radiatively to the ground state. Metal-centered (MC) excited states (ESs) of 3d transition metal complexes (TMCs) often possess rather low energies so that these represent the lowest energy ESs.
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